اثربخشی رویکرد مبتنی بر توانمندی بر سرسختی روانشناختی و احساس تنهایی زنان مطلقه

سعادتی شامیر, ابوطالب

اثربخشی رویکرد مبتنی بر توانمندی بر سرسختی روانشناختی و احساس تنهایی زنان مطلقه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

ابوطالب سعادتی شامیر

گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

طلاق از اتفاقات بسیار استرس‌زا در زندگی افراد محسوب میشود و در کنار بسیاری از عوامل خوشایند و ناخوشایند زندگی زنان، طلاق حادثه‌ای مهم و سهمگین در زندگی ایشان محسوب می‌شود که پیامدهای فردی و اجتماعی زیادی در زندگی آنان به همراه دارد. بر این اساس، هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثربخشی رویکرد مبتنی بر توانمندی بر سرسختی روانشناختی و احساس تنهایی زنان مطلقه بود. پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف از نوع کاربردی و از لحاظ روش بر اساس طرح پژوهش و شیوه انجام، نیمه‌آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون (با یک گروه آزمایش و یک گروه کنترل و دوره پیگیری سه ماهه) بود. در پژوهش حاضر جامعه آماری مورد مطالعه شامل کلیه زنان مطلقه مراجعه‌کننده به مراکز مشاوره منطقه 10 تهران در نیمه اول سال 1401 بود؛ از میان این افراد و به شیوه نمونه‌گیری هدفمند تعداد 40 نفر انتخاب شده و به صورت تصادفی در یک گروه آزمایش (20 نفر) و یک گروه کنترل (20 نفر) گمارده شدند. سپس، روی گروه آزمایش بسته رویکرد مبتنی بر توانمندی بر اساس پروتکل تهیه شده توسط Darbani & Parsakia (2022) اجرا شد. به منظور گردآوری داده‌ها، ابزار پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه احساس تنهایی Russel et al. (1998) و پرسشنامه سرسختی روانشناختی Lang et al. (2003) بود. در بخش توصیفی از جدول‌های توزیع فراوانی استفاده شده و در بخش استنباطی تحلیل داده ها از تحلیل واریانس مختلط با اندازه‌گیری‌های مکرر و آزمون تعقیبی LSD و نسخه 26 نرم افزار SPSS استفاده شد. با توجه به مقدار F و سطح معناداری مقدار به دست آمده در متغیر سرسختی روانشناختی (22/8 = F و 001/0 = P) و احساس تنهایی (40/6 = F و 002/0 = P) می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که متغیر مستقل یعنی رویکرد مبتنی بر توانمندی به شکل معناداری باعث تغییر در متغیرهای وابسته یعن احساس تنهایی و سرسختی روانشناختی شده. بنابراین می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که تغییرات ایجاد شده در متغیرهای وابسته ناشی از اجرای رویکرد مبتنی بر توانمندی بر گروه آزمایش بود. نتایج آزمون تعقیبی LSD نشان داد تأثیرات ناشی از رویکرد مبتین بر توانمندی بر متغیرهای پژوهش پایدار بود. بر اساس یافته‌های موجود می‌توان نتیجه‌گیری نمود که رویکرد مبتنی بر توانمندی بر احساس تنهایی و سرسختی روانشناختی زنان مطلقه مؤثر بوده فلذا پیشنهاد می‌شود متخصصین از فنون این رویکرد در کار خود بهره‌مند شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effectiveness of the Strength-Based Approach on Psychological Hardiness and Loneliness of Divorced Women

نویسنده [English]

Aboutaleb Seadatee Shamir

Department of Educational Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Divorce is considered one of the most stressful events in people's lives, and along with many pleasant and unpleasant factors in women's lives, divorce is considered an important and terrible event in their lives, which has many personal and social consequences in their lives. Based on this, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of the strength-based approach on psychological hardiness and feelings of loneliness among divorced women. In terms of purpose, the current research was of an applied type, and in terms of method, based on the research design and method, it was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design (with an experimental group and a control group and a three-month follow-up period). In the present study, the statistical population studied included all divorced women who referred to counseling centers in the 10th district of Tehran in the first half of 2011; Among these people, 40 people were selected and randomly assigned to an experimental group (20 people) and a control group (20 people). Then, the strength-based approach based on the protocol prepared by Darbani & Parsakia (2022) was implemented on the test group. In order to collect data, research tools included Russel et al (1998) loneliness questionnaire and Lang et al (2003) psychological hardiness questionnaire. In the descriptive part, frequency distribution tables were used, and in the inferential part of data analysis, mixed variance analysis with repeated measurements and LSD post hoc test and SPSS software version 26 were used. The F value and the significance level of the obtained value were calculated in the variable of psychological hardiness (F = 8.22 and P = 0.001) and loneliness (F = 6.40 and P = 0.002). Therefore, the independent variable i.e. the strength-based approach has significantly changed the dependent variables i.e. the feeling of loneliness and psychological hardiness. Therefore, it can be concluded that the changes made in the dependent variables were caused by the implementation of the strength-based approach on the experimental group. The results of the LSD post hoc test showed that the effects of the strength-based approach on the research variables were stable. Based on the available findings, it can be concluded that the strength-based approach is effective on the feeling of loneliness and psychological hardiness of divorced women, so it is suggested that experts use the techniques of this approach in their work.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Strength-Based Approach
Psychological Hardiness
Loneliness
Divorced Women

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